The interlayer spacing of GNRs can be conveniently regulated by tuning the amount of nanofillers of different dimensions added.

Specifically, GNRs are created by sequential freezing, rolling, and capillary compression of large-sized graphene oxide nanosheets in liquid nitrogen, followed by pyrolysis. Herein, we report a rapid, low-cost freezing-rolling-capillary compression strategy to yield GNRs at a kilogram scale with tunable interlayer spacing for situating a set of functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. This, however, has yet to be largely explored. More importantly, the ability to intercalate nanofillers of interest within GNR enables in-situ large-scale dispersion and retains structural stability and properties of nanofillers for enhanced energy conversion and storage. However, it remains challenging to mass-produce kilogram-scale GNRs to render their practical applications. Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are widely recognized as intriguing building blocks for high-performance electronics and catalysis owing to their unique width-dependent bandgap and ample lone pair electrons on both sides of GNR, respectively, over the graphene nanosheet counterpart. 8 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.7 Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.6 Analyzing and Test Center, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.5 State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China.4 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.3 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.2 School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China.

Kilo gram conversion